-
1 preserving agents
Макаров: консервирующие средства -
2 preserving
preserving /prɪˈzɜ:vɪŋ/A a.conservante; che conservaB n. [u](ind.) conservazione ( di alimenti)● preserving agents, conservanti □ preserving jar, vasetto per conserve. -
3 Appert, Nicolas
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1749 Châlons-sur-Marne, France d. 1841[br]French confectioner who invented canning as a method of food preservation.[br]As the son of an inn keeper, Nicolas Appert would have learned about pickling and brewing, but he chose to become a chef and confectioner, establishing himself in the rue des Lombards in Paris in 1780. He prospered there until about 1795, and in that year he began experimenting in ways to preserve foodstuffs, succeeding with soups, vegetables, juices, dairy products, jellies, jams and syrups. His method was to place food in glass jars, seal the jars with cork and sealing wax, then sterilize them by immersion in boiling water for a predetermined time.In 1810 the French Government offered a 12,000 franc award to anyone succeeding in preserving high-quality foodstuffs for its army and navy. Appert won the award and in 1812 used the money to open the world's first food-bottling factory, La Maison Appert, in the town of Massey, near Paris. He established agents in all the major sea ports, recognizing the marine market as his most likely customer, and supplied products to Napoleon's troops in the field. By 1820 Appert's method was in use all over the United States, in spite of the simultaneous development of other containers of tin or other metals by an English merchant, Peter Durand, and the production of canned food products by the Bermondsey firm of Donkin \& Hall, London. The latter had opened the first canning factory in England in 1811.Initially Appert used glass jars and bottles, but in 1822 he changed to tin-plated metal cans. To heat the cans he used an autoclave, which heated the water to a temperature higher than its boiling point. A hammer and chisel were needed to open cans until the invention of a can opener by an Englishman named Yates in 1855. Despite Appert's successes, he received little financial reward and died in poverty; he was buried in a common grave.[br]Bibliography1810, L'Art de conserver pendant plusieurs années toutes les sustenances animales et végétales (the Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale produced a report in its annual bulletin in 1809).Further ReadingEnglish historians have tended to concentrate on Bryan Donkin, who established tin cans as the primary container for long-term food preservation.J.Potin, 1891, Biographie de Nicolas Appert.1960, Canning and Packing 2–5.AP
См. также в других словарях:
Glycerol — Glycerine and Glycerin redirect here. For the Bush song, see Glycerine (song). Glycerol … Wikipedia
Banda Islands — Infobox Islands name = Banda Islands image caption = Banda Besar island seen from Fort Belgica. native name = native name link = location = South East Asia coordinates = coord|4|35|S|129|55|E|region:ID type:isle archipelago = Maluku Islands total … Wikipedia
Ethylene oxide — Oxirane redirects here. For oxiranes as a class of molecules, see epoxide. Ethylene oxide … Wikipedia
Healthy diet — A healthy diet is one that is arrived at with the intent of improving or maintaining optimal health. This usually involves consuming nutrients by eating the appropriate amounts from all of the food groups, including an adequate amount of water.… … Wikipedia
Carl Tanzler — Tanzler in 1940 Born February 8, 1877(1877 02 08) Dresden, Germany Died July 23, 1952(1952 07 2 … Wikipedia
Francisco Serrão — ( es. Francisco Serrano) (died 1521) was a Portuguese explorer, and a cousin or personal friend of Ferdinand Magellan. His 1512 voyage was the first known European sailing east past Malacca through Indonesia to its lucrative Spice Islands of… … Wikipedia
Preservation of illuminated manuscripts — Preserving parchment becomes more difficult when pigments, inks, and illumination are added into the equation. Pigments do not dye parchment; instead, they lie on the surface of the parchment and so are rather fragile. [ Jenkins, Penny. “Printing … Wikipedia
Monitoring and Measurement in the Next Generation Technologies — (MOMENT) is a project aimed at integrating different platforms for network monitoring and measurement to develop a common and open pan European infrastructure. The system will include both passive and active monitoring and measurement techniques… … Wikipedia
Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… … Universalium
India — /in dee euh/, n. 1. Hindi, Bharat. a republic in S Asia: a union comprising 25 states and 7 union territories; formerly a British colony; gained independence Aug. 15, 1947; became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations Jan. 26, 1950.… … Universalium
France — /frans, frahns/; Fr. /frddahonns/, n. 1. Anatole /ann nann tawl /, (Jacques Anatole Thibault), 1844 1924, French novelist and essayist: Nobel prize 1921. 2. a republic in W Europe. 58,470,421; 212,736 sq. mi. (550,985 sq. km). Cap.: Paris. 3.… … Universalium
